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` FURNAGB. No. 249,891. y Patented N0v.22,1881.

(.No Model.)

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LESTER B. BROWN AND JOSIAH H. NORRIS, OF BRADFORD, PA.

FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 249,891, dated November 22, 1881.

Application filed July 21, [881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LESTER B. BROWN and J osmH H. NoERrs, of Bradford, McKean county, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Furnaces; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and the letters or figures of reference marked thereon.

Our invention relates to furnaces.

Manufacturers and others connected with the working of metal have heretofore been under great expense in replacing theironts that have been burned out bythe excessive heat generated by the blast.

The object of our invention is to produce means which will remedy that defect and also produce results that will render the furnace more useful, and at the same time protect the workmen from the great heat; and to these ends our invention consists of a new and improved front, through which a current of cold water is constantly passing, and in other devices, which will hereinafter be explained, for producing the results above referred to.

In the drawings, Figure l represents a perspective view of our improved fronts joined together by means of water-connectionsand side D; Fig. 2, a transverse section on line w rv, Fig. 3; Fig. 3, alongitudinal section on line y y, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a face view of one of the fronts, showing the manner of attaching the door; Fig. 5, a perspective view of the base H; Fig. 6, a perspective view of the conform ator, and Fig. 7 an elevation of our ash-pipe.

The furnace here represented has two fronts; but that form is not considered material to carry out the purpose of our invention, as itis obvious that our improved front could be used upon a forge having a single supply-opening as well as upon the kind shown. We prefer, however, to show the invention applied to a furnace having two fronts, for the reason that peculiarities in circulating the water can be described and shown.

vA represents the base; G C', the fronts; D D, the sides above the base; E, arched top F, tuyeres; G, the ash-pit, having extension G; H, the base for supporting the lire-brick, and K the conformator.

(No model.)

The fronts C C are made hollow to allow a current of water to How therethrough. The water may be supplied from any desired source, and is passed to the fronts by means of pipes. Each front may have a distinct supply-pipe, or they may be joined, as shown in the drawings. The supply-pipes L enter the fronts at the side and near the bottom. The water flows upwardly over the arched doors and out at the tops through pipes NN or, if desired, pipes N N may be dispensed with, and a T- unionplaced midway between the fronts and on pipe P, that connects the fronts together.

A pipe, P,'without a union, is placed upon the side opposite to pipe P.

If desired, the connection L' and pipe N may be dispensed with and a single supply-pipe, L, used. If this form be used, the water will enter at the lower end of front O, pass over the arched door, out through pipe Pinto front C', over the arched door to the pipe P', placed near the tops of the fronts, back again to front O, and out by means of pipe N, after the water has crossed the upper part of the chamber in front G. By such a circulation it can readily be seen that as the water becomes more heated it will have an ascending passage, thus facilitating the circulation.

In the crown of eachfront is placed a steam or vapor escape pipe, S, to prevent the pressure Afrom becoming too great.

' It is evidentthat the cold water circulating through the fronts will preventthern from burning out, and also protect the workman from the heat. This last is considered one of the best features of the invention, as it enables ,the workmen to stand to their work without suffering from the great heat. The workman will thus be enabled to do his work in a more cornfortable manner and the employer be a gainer, for the reason that the workman can do more work when he labors under fewer difficulties. The ends of these fronts are connected by side pieces, D D, and the whole seated upon a base, A.

The base A rests upon the door, and is provided with side pieces, A', which extend upwardly to the same height as the bottom of plates D. The base H rests upon walls A and supports the walls I I. The space between the walls I I and side pieces, A', is filled with IOO clay. The space between the walls I I form an oblong chamber, T, which serves as an extension for the nre-chamber surrounded by parts C C and D D. Beneath this chamber, and separated therefrom by a base, H, is an ash-pit, G. An oblong opening in base H admits the ashes and clinkers to the ash-pit, and they are taken therefrom through passage G. This passage may be formed in any suitable manner. A pipe having one end eut at a long or acute angle may be used. If such a pipe be used, the upper side of the cut part should be placed immediately below the oblong opening. To prevent the blast from finding its way out ra this opening, a suitable door, G, is placed at the outer end. Upon the base H a wall ofire-brick is built upon each side and extends upwardly nearly to the top of the fronts C C. Between the walls I l and the sides D D,and between the spaces in the base, is placed clay, M, or other suitable substance, to prevent the heat from radiating.

A brick arch may be placed upon walls I I and clay packed over it; but one made of coal is preferred, fcr the reason that it generates the heat much better than the ordinary means. The method of forming this arch is very simple. The slightly-tapering conformator Kis placed through the doorways, as shown in Fig. 3, and a fire started in the pit of the furnace. While this fire is burning, coal slightly dampened is packed down upon the conformator and the sides D. The heat rising from the furnace heats the conformator K and the coal next to it, and forms the latter into coke. When the coal has become sniciently coked the conformator is drawn out, thus leaving the coked surface to stand the action of the flames and heat. It' the coal immediately over the fire is kept in a damp state, the coal will be preserved for a long time, and when it does burn out the burnt portion can be replaced at little cost.

Many advantages over the ordinary forge are gained b v using this arch and the ash-pit. Among other advantages is the saving of fuel. Only one-quarter of the amount of fuel commonly used in other furnaces or forges is necessary in ours; and, further, the lire can be kept up for weeks, whereas in the ordinary construction the fire must be made every morning, as there are no means provided for taking out the ashes and clinkers from the bottom, as in our device, but, on the contrary, the workmen are compelled to let the fire die out every evening, so that they can remove the dbris in the forge. This removal is accomplished by taking the ashes, Ste., out by way ofthe doorway, above the bottom of the pit, in small driblets, by means of a small shovel, whereas in our device any suitable device is run into the passage G', and the ashes and clinkers at the bottom of the re removed by dragging.

As a further protection to the workman, and also to save expense in replacing doors burned out, a door, C, made hollow in the same manner as the fronts, is placed upon the forge. To hold the door in place, lugs c c are cast on each side of the doorway and near the bottom thereof. These lugs are angular in form, and the free arms point toward each other. The door is provided with flexible pipes c c2, which are connected with a supply-pipe, c, and exit-pipe c4. The object in providing flexible pipe c' c2 is to give the door free play, which would not be the case if the pipes were of a rigid material. A lever, c5, having a weight, c, is used to operate the door.

The tuyeresvF shown in the drawings are nothing more than ordinary pipes. In practice, however, tuyeres that are commonly used in this class of devices will be substituted. In practice the tuyeres will be above the ash-pit, and if the base H be used a slot, h,will be made therein to allow the tuyere to pass through.

We are aware that it is not new to provide forges with hollow fronts and connect them together with pipes provided with means for supplying the fronts with and relieving them of water, and we make no claim therefor; but we are not aware that fronts so connected have ever been supplied with means for relieving v them of the pressure caused by steamgenerated by the heat of the furnace. If they be not so relieved, the steam will prevent the water from entering the front, unless the water is forced in under great pressure, and even then the cold water is liable to burst the front, if the latter be very hot. .We obviate these diculties by placing a pipe, S, in the crown of the front, so as to relieve the latter at the point where the pressure is greatest.

What we claim as new is- 1. A furnace having a hollow front and provided with suitable connections for supplying it with a continuous current of cold water, for the purposes set forth, and a steam-escape pipe in the crown, and all combined and arranged substantially as described.

2. Afurnace having hollow fronts connected together by means of pipes, substantially as described, and combined with suitable means for supplying them with and relieving them from water, and a steam-escape pipe in the crown of each front, and all combined and arranged substantially as set forth.

3. Afurnace having hollow fronts connected together by means of sides D, and having connections for supplying a current of cold water thereto, and a steam-escape pipe in the crown of each front, and all combined and arranged substantially as set forth, a tire-chamber having an arched top and a metal bottom, and an ash-pit below the bottom, and having a passage for the removal of the ashes and clinkers, all combined and arranged substantially as described.

4. Afurnace having hollowfrontsconnected together by means of sides D, and having connections for supplying a current of cold water thereto, and a steam-escape pipe in the crown 0f each front, and all combined and armfed\ lOO IOS

substantially as set forth, and an arched top In testimony that we claim the foregoing we formed of coal, all combined' and arranged have hereunto set our hands this 29th day of vsubstantially as described. June, 1881.

5. In a furnace a hollow door operated in 5 the manner substantiallyas described, and

having flexible pipes connected with means for A supplying and relieving the door of Water, in Witnesses:

combination with a front having means for M. F. HALLEOK holding the door in plaee,substanta1ly as de- HEPBURN MCGLURE. 1o scribed. 

